Dalla Lana School of Public Health

Faculty Member

Shelley A. Harris PhD (Epidemiology), MSc (Toxicology )

Research Interests

• Occupational and environmental cancer epidemiology
• Exposure and absorbed dose measurement/prediction
• Measurement error and epidemiologic methods development
• Pesticide exposures in occupational and environmental settings
• Brominated flame retardants and other persistent organic pollutants
• Air pollutants
• Emerging environmental contaminants
• Environmental contaminant exposures through diet
• RiskAssessment/Toxicology/ Epidemiology

Please note I’m taking PhD students as a committee member only in 2020

Education & Training History

1999 Ph.D. Epidemiology, Minors in Biostatistics and Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (Public Health Sciences), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto

1991 M.Sc. Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph

1988 B.Sc. Environmental Biology, Minor in International Agriculture, Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph

Other Affiliations

• Scientist, Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Prevention and Cancer Control, Ontario Health

Primary Teaching Responsibilities

• 2011-present Occupational Exposure. Lecturer, Sections for CHL5902H: Advanced Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Epidemiology. Graduate Courses, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto.
• 2009 – present  (alternate years) Environmental Epidemiology, Course Co-Director for CHL5416H.
• 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 Environmental Cancer Epidemiology. Lecturer Sections for CHL5409H: Cancer Epidemiology. Graduate Course, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto.

Professional Summary & Appointments

Summary

Dr. Shelley Harris is a Scientist at The Occupational Cancer Research Centre and Associate Professor at the University of Toronto (U of T). She has conducted numerous biological monitoring studies, and epidemiologic studies to assess risks associated with exposures to environmental contaminants. Her Ph.D. is in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and her M.Sc. is in Toxicology and she specializes in exposure measurement and prediction for epidemiologic studies of environmental exposures.

Appointments

• 2010-present Member/Reviewer, PhD Admissions Committee, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Toronto.
• 2009-present Member/Reviewer, MPH Admissions Committee, Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Toronto.
• 2009- 2019 Member, Environmental Health Working Group, Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Toronto.
• 2009-2010 Member/Reviewer, MHSc/MPH Admissions Committee, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Toronto.

Honours & Awards

Awards

2006 School of Medicine Faculty Research and Scholarship Award, Virginia Commonwealth University.

1998 John R. Brown Prize for Research, University of Toronto. Best applied research project dedicated to the analysis and improvement of occupational and environmental health (PhD dissertation).

1988 Dean’s Honour Role, University of Guelph.

Fellowships

1994-1997 National Health Research and Development Program PhD. Fellowship

1993-1994 Ontario Graduate Scholarship

1992-1993 University of Toronto Open Doctoral Fellowship

1989-1991 University of Guelph Research Fellowship

Current Research Projects

• Occupational exposure to silica, diesel and gasoline engine emissions and incident kidney cancer in Canadian men.
• 2013-2014. Developing research priorities and disseminating knowledge about pesticides and other agricultural exposures, and select cancers. Role: PI, Harris, S.A. Canadian Insitutes of Health Research, Knowledge Dissemination Grant.
• 2011-2013. Advanced spatial analyses to characterize environmental impacts on cancer risk: Phase 1. Role: Co-I, Harris, S.A., Cancer Research Society, Quebec.
• 2011-2014. Exposures to emerging environmental contaminants and risk of breast cancer in young women: a case-control study using biomarkers of exposure. Role: PI, Harris, S.A. Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute.
• 2010-2013. Occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions and the incidence of colorectal and bladder cancer in Canadian men. Role: PI, Harris, S.A. Workplace Safety and Insurance Board Research Advisory Council.
• 2009-2012. Cross-Canada study of pesticides and select cancers: New analyses. Role: PI (Co), Harris, S.A. and A. Blair. Occupational Cancer Research Centre.
• 2007-2009. The Ontario Health and Environment Integrated Surveillance System. Role: Collaborator/Co-I (2009+), Harris, S.A. Cancer Care Ontario and GeoConnections Canada.
• 2007-2012. Proposal for Creation of the Canadian Cancer Cohort. Role: Member, Harris, S.A. (Ontario Health Study Team), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer.
• 2007-2011. Development of the Ontario Health Study (previously known as the Ontario Cohort Consortium). Role: Co-I. Harris, S.A. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research.
• 2005-2012. Update of the Ontario Uranium Miners’ Study. Role: Co-I, Harris, S.A. Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission.

Representative Publications

*Denotes graduate student/RA/post doc:

Garthika Navaranjan*, Tim K. Takaro, Amanda J. Wheeler, Miriam L. Diamond, Huan Shu, Meghan B. Azad, Allan B. Becker, Ruixue Dai, Shelley A. Harris, Diana L. Lefebvre, Zihang Lu, Piush J. Mandhane, Kathleen McLean, Theo J. Moraes, James A. Scott, Stuart E. Turvey, Malcolm R. Sears, Padmaja Subbarao, Jeffrey R. Brook. Early life exposure to phthalates in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study: a multi-city birth cohort. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 30, 70–85 (2020) doi:10.1038/s41370-019-0182-x

Navaranjan G*; Diamond M; Subbarao P; Harris S; Jantunen L; Bernstein S; Scott J; Takaro T; Sears M; Brook J; Association between early life exposure to phthalates and the development of childhood asthma. Environmental Epidemiology. 3():282, October 2019. DOI: 10.1097/01.EE9.0000609028.63453.dc

Peters CE*, Bogaert L*, Latifovic L*, Kachuri L*, Harris SA, Parent ME, Villeneuve PJ; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Group. Exposure to crystalline silica in Canadian workplaces and the risk of kidney cancer. Occup Environ Med. 2019 Sep;76(9):668-671. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105870

Pahwa M*, Beane Freeman LE, Spinelli JJ, Blair A, Pahwa P, Dosman JA, McLaughlin JR, Zahm SH, Cantor KP, Weisenburger DD, Demers PA, Harris SA. 2019. Glyphosate use and the risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma major histological sub-types: findings from the North American Pooled Project (NAPP). June 2019. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 45(6); DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3830

Stella Koutros*, Shelley Harris, John Spinelli, Aaron Blair, John McLaughlin, Shelia Zahm, Linda Kachuri*, Manisha Pahwa*, Kenneth Cantor, Dennis Weisenburger, Punam Pahwa, Larissa Pardo, James Dosman, Paul Demers, Laura E. Beane Freeman. 2019. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk and Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticide Use in the North American Pooled Project. Environment International. Volume 127:199-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.018

Yang C*, SA Harris, LM Jantunen, S Siddique*, C Kubwabo, D Tsirlin*, L Latifovic*, B Fraser, R De La Campa, H You, R Kulka, ML Diamond. Are cell phones an indicator of personal exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers? Environment International 2019. 122: 104-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.021

Cheryl E Peters*, PhD; Marie-Élise Parent; Shelley A Harris; Linda Kachuri*; Lidija Latifovic*; Laura Bogaert*; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Group; Paul A Villeneuve. 2018. Occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline exhausts and the risk of kidney cancer in Canadian men. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 62(8):978–989. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxy059

Cheryl E Peters*, PhD; Marie-Élise Parent; Shelley A Harris; Linda Kachuri*; Lidija Latifovic*; Laura Bogaert*; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Group; Paul A Villeneuve. 2018. Workplace exposure to asbestos and the risk of kidney cancer in Canadian men. Can J Public Health. 109(4):464–472. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0095-9

Boucher BA, Wanigaratne S, Harris SA, Cotterchio M. Post-diagnosis isoflavone and lignan intake in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients: cross-sectional survey shows considerable intake from previously unassessed high lignan foods. 2018. Current Developments in Nutrition, 3(2):nzx009.

*Okeme JO, Yang C, Abdollahi A, Dhal S, Harris SA, Jantunen LM, Tsirlin D, Diamond MI. Passive Air Sampling of Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Canadian Homes using PDMS, XAD-coated PDMS and PUF Samplers. Environmental Pollution. 2018 August;239:109-117. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749118300149.

*Sritharan J, MacLeod J, Harris SA, Cole DC, Harris MA, Tjepkema M, Peters PA, and Demers PA. Prostate Cancer Surveillance by Occupation and Industry: The Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC). Cancer Medicine. 2018 March 1 [Epub ahead of print]. Open access. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1358. PubMed PMID 29493883. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29493883

Boucher BA, Mason-Ennis JK, Tsirlin D, Harris SA. 2017. A global database of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant congeners in foods and supplements, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. ISSN 0889-1575, doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.001. (in press).

*Sritharan J, Pahwa M, Demers PA, Harris SA, Cole DC, and Parent ME. Prostate Cancer in Firefighting and Police Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Environmental Health 2017 Nov 17;16(1):124. Open access. doi: 10.1186/s12940-017-0336-z. PubMed PMID 29149887. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149887.

* Sritharan J, Demers PA, Harris SA, Cole DC, Peters CE, the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group, and Villeneuve PJ. Occupation and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Canadian Men: A Case-Control Study across Eight Canadian Provinces. Cancer Epidemiology 2017 Apr 26; 48: 96-103. PubMed PMID 28456092. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28456092.

*Siddique, S, Kubwabo, C, Harris, SA. 2016. A review of the role of emerging environmental contaminants in the development of breast cancer in women. Emerging Contaminants. 2016. 2(4):204–219. doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.003

*Sritharan J, Demers PA, Harris SA, Cole DC, Kreiger N, Sass-Kortsak A, Lightfoot N. Natural Resource Based Industries and Prostate Cancer Risk in Northeastern Ontario: A Case Control Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2016 Aug;73(8):506-11. PMID 27245375. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245375

* Presutti R, Harris SA, Kachuri L, Spinelli JJ, Pahwa M, Blair A, Zahm SH, Cantor KP, Weisenburger DD, Pahwa P, McLaughlin JR, Dosman JA, Freeman LB. Pesticide Exposure and the Risk of Multiple Myeloma in Men: An Analysis of the North American Pooled Project. International Journal of Cancer 2016 Oct 15;139(8):1703-1714. [Open access]. PMID: 27261772. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.30218/full.

* Kachuri L, Villeneuve PJ, Parent M-É, Johnson KC, the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Group, Harris SA. Workplace Exposure to Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Canadian Men. Environmental Health. 2016 Jan;15:4. [Open access]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712563/.

*Grundy A, Harris SA, Demers PA, Johnson KC, Agnew R, Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group, Villeneuve PJ. Occupational Exposure to Magnetic Fields and Breast Cancer among Canadian Men. Cancer Medicine. 2016 Mar;5(3):586-596. [Open access]. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4799956/

*Shabana Siddique, Ivana Kosarack, Cariton Kubwabo, Shelley Harris. 2016. Challenges associated with sample preparation for the analysis of PBDEs in human serum. J. AOAC International, 1: 267-272.  ISSN 1060-3271 (Print); ISSN 1944-7922  

Harris, SA, Boucher, B., Cotterchio, M. Will women diagnosed with breast cancer provide biological samples for research purposes? PLoS ONE. 10(6): e0127994. 2015. [Open access] doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127994 PMID: 26061089

Goodson III, W.H., Lowe, L., Carpenter, D.O., Gilbertson, M., Manaf Ali, A., Lopez de Cerain Salsamendi, A., Lasfar, A., Carnero, A., Azqueta, A., Amedei, A., Charles, A.K. Collins, A.R., Ward, A., Salzberg,A.C., Colacci, A., Olsen,A.-K., Berg, A., Barclay, B.J., Zhou, B.P., Blanco-Aparicio, C., Baglole, C.J., Dong, C., Mondello, C., Hsu, C.-W., Naus, C.C., Yedjou, C., Curran, C.S., Laird, D.W., Koch, D.C., Carlin, D.J., Felsher, D.W., Roy, D., Brown, D.G., Ratovitski, E., Ryan, E.P., Corsini, E., Rojas, E., Moon, E.Y., Laconi, E., Marongiu, F., Al-Mulla, F., Chiaradonna, F., Darroudi, F., Martin, F.L., Van Schooten, F.J., Goldberg, G.S., Wagemaker, G., Nangami, G., Calaf, G.M., Williams, G., Wolf, G.T., Koppen, G., Brunborg, G., Lyerly, H.K., Krishnan, H., Ab Hamid, H., Yasaei, H., Sone, H., Kondoh, H., Salem, H.K., Hsu, H.-Y., Park, H.H., Koturbash, I., Miousse, I.R., Scovassi, A.I., Klaunig, J.E., Vondráček, J., Raju, J., Roman, J., Pierce Wise Sr., J., Whitfield, J.R., Woodrick, J., Christopher, J.A., Ochieng, J., Fernando Martinez-Leal, J., Weisz, J., Kravchenko, J., Sun, J., Prudhomme, K.R., Badri Narayanan, K., Cohen-Solal, K.A., Moorwood, K., Gonzalez, L., Soucek, L., Jian, L., D’Abronzo, L.S., Lin, L.-T., Li, L., Gulliver, L., McCawley, L.J., Memeo, L., Vermeulen, L., Leyns, L., Zhang, L., Valverde, M., Khatami, M., Romano, M.F., Marion Chapellier, M., Williams, M.A., Wade, M., Manjili, M.H., Lleonart, M., Xia, M., Gonzalez, M.J., Karamouzis, M.V., Kirsch-Volders, M., Vaccari, M., Kuemmerle, N.B., Singh, N., Cruickshanks, N., Kleinstreuer, N., van Larebeke, N., Ahmed, N., Ogunkua, O., Krishnakumar, P.K., Vadgama, P., Marignani, P.A., Ghosh, P.M., Ostrosky-Wegman, P., Thompson, P., Dent, P., Heneberg, P., Darbre, P., Sing Leung, P., Nangia-Makker, P., Cheng, Q., Robey, R.B., Al-Temaimi, R., Roy, R., Andrade-Vieira, R., Sinha, R.K., Mehta, R., Vento, R., Di Fiore, R., Ponce-Cusi, R., Dornetshuber-Fleiss, R., Nahta, R., Castellino, R.C., Palorini, R., Abd Hamid, R., Langie, S.A.S., Eltom, S., Brooks, S.A., Ryeom, S., Wise, S.S., Bay, S.N., Harris, S.A., et al. Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead. Carcinogenesis. 36 (Suppl 1):S254-S296. 2015. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv039. This article appears in: “Assessing the Carcinogenic Potential of Low Dose Exposures to Chemical Mixtures in the Environment: The Challenge Ahead”.

Thompson, P.A., Khatami, M., Baglole, C., Sun, J., Harris, S., Moon, E-Y., Al-Mulla, F., Al-Temaimi, R., Brown, D., Colacci, A., Mondello, C., Raju, J., Ryan, E., Woodrick, J., Scovassi, I., Singh, N., Vaccari, M., Roy, R., Forte, S., Memeo, L., Salem, H.K., Amedei, A., Hamid, R.A., Lowe, L., Guarnieri, T., Bisson, W.H. Environmental immune disruptors, inflammation and cancer risk. Carcinogenesis. 36 (Suppl 1):S232-S253. 2015. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv038. This article appears in: “Assessing the Carcinogenic Potential of Low Dose Exposures to Chemical Mixtures in the Environment: The Challenge Ahead”.

*Kachuri, L., Villeneuve, P.J., Parent, M.E., Johnson K.C., Harris, S.A. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and the risk of lung cancer in Canadian men. Int J Cancer. 135(1):138–148. 2014. doi:10.1002/ijc.28629 PMID: 24272527

*Navaranjan, G., Hohenadel, K., Blair, A., Demers, P.A., Spinelli, J.J., Pahwa, P., McLaughlin, J.R., Dosman, J.A., Ritter, L., Harris, S.A. Exposures to multiple pesticides and the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in Canadian men. Cancer Causes & Control. 24:1661-1673. 2013. [Open access] doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0240-y PMID: 23756639

*Kachuri, L., Demers, P.A., Blair, A., Spinelli, J.J., Pahwa, M., McLaughlin, J.R., Pahwa, P., Dosman, J.A., Harris, S.A. Multiple Pesticide exposures and the risk of Multiple Myeloma in Canadian Men. Int J Cancer. 2013 Apr 6 [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1002/ijc.28191

Villeneuve, P.J., Parent, M-E., Harris, S.A., Johnson, K.C., and the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Occupational exposure to asbestos and lung cancer in men: evidence from a population-based case-control study in eight Canadian provinces. BMC Cancer. 12:595. 2012.

Boucher, B.A., Cotterchio, M., Curca, I., Kreiger, N., Harris, S.A., Kirsh, V.A., Goodwin, P. Intake of phytoestrogen food and supplements among women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Nutrition and Cancer. 64:695-703. 2012.

*Pahwa, M., Harris, S.A., Hohenadel, K., McLaughlin, J., Spinelli, J., Pahwa, P., Dosman, J., Blair, A. Pesticide use, immunologic conditions, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Canadian men in six provinces. Int J Cancer. 131:2650-2659. 2012.

Hohenadel, K., Harris, S.A., McLaughlin, J.M., Spinelli, J.J., Pahwa, P., Dosman, J.A. Demers, P.A., Blair, A. Exposure to multiple pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in men from six Canadian provinces. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 8:2320-2330. 2011.

Hohenadel K., Pichora E., Marrett L., Bukvic D., Brown J., Harris S.A., Demers, P.A., Blair A. Priority issues in occupational cancer research: Ontario stakeholder perspectives. Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. 31(4):147-151. 2011.

Harris, S.A., P.J. Villeneuve, C.D. Crawley, J.E. Mays, R.A. Yeary, K.A. Hurto and J. Meeker. National study of exposure to pesticides among professional applicators: an investigation based on urinary biomarkers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58(18):10253-10261. 2010.

*Kroos D., Mays, J.E, and Harris, S.A. A Model to Predict 24-h Urinary Creatinine Using Repeated Measurements in an Occupational Cohort Study. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 20:516-525. 2010.

Harris, S.A. and *Nicolai, L.A. Occupational exposures in emergency medical service providers and knowledge of and compliance with universal precautions. American Journal of Infection Control. 38(2):86-94. 2010.

Harris, S.A., *Urton, A., Turf, E., and *Monti, M. Fish and shellfish consumption estimates and perceptions of risk in a cohort of occupational and recreational fishers of the Chesapeake Bay. Environmental Research. 109(1): 108-115. 2009.

Harris, S.A. and *Jones, J.L. Fish Consumption and PCB Associated Health Risks in Recreational Fishermen on the James River, Virginia. Environmental Research. 107(2): 254-263. 2008.

Harris, S.A. Assessment of Pesticide Exposures for Epidemiologic Research: Measurement Error and Bias. In: Assessing Exposures and Reducing Risks to People from the Use of Pesticides. Eds: R.I. Krieger, N. Ragsdale and J.N. Seiber. ASC Symposium Series 951, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 173-186. 2007.

Harris, S.A. and *Wells, K.M.. Dose Prediction Modeling For Epidemiologic Assessment of Pesticide Exposure Risks in Occupational Cohorts. In: Assessing Exposures and Reducing Risks to People from the Use of Pesticides. Eds: R.I. Krieger, N. Ragsdale and J.N. Seiber. ASC Symposium Series 951, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 187-200. 2007.

Harris, S.A., *Billmeyer E.R., and M.A. Robinson. Evaluation of Repeated Measurements of Radon-222 Concentrations in Well Water Sampled from Bedrock Aquifers of the Piedmont Near Richmond, Virginia: Effects of Lithology and Well Characteristics. Environmental Research. 101(3):323-333. 2006.

Harris S.A., A.M. Sass-Kortsak, P.N. Corey, and J. Purdham. Pesticide Exposures in Professional Turf Applicators, Job Titles, and Tasks Performed: Implications for Epidemiologic Study Design and Interpretation of Results. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 48(3): 205-216. 2005.

Solomon, K.R., D. Houghton and S.A. Harris. Non-Agricultural and Residential Exposures to Pesticides. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 31 suppl 1:74-81. 2005.

Ross, J.H., Driver, J.H, S.A. Harris and H.I. Maibach. Dermal Absorption of 2,4-D: a Review of Species Differences. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 41:82-91. 2005.

*Zipprich, J.L., S.A. Harris, J.C. Fox, and J. Borzelleca. An Evaluation of Factors that Modify the Relationships Between Outdoor, Indoor and Personal Exposure to Nitrogen Oxides In Residents Living Near the Downtown Expressway in Richmond, Virginia. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 12(4):273-285. 2002.

*Ettinger, M.R. S.R. Webb, S.A. Harris, S.P. McIninch, G.C. Garman, B.L. Brown. Distribution of Free-Living Amoebae in James River, Virginia, USA. Parasitology Research. 89:6-15. 2002.

Harris S.A., A.M. Sass-Kortsak, P.N. Corey, and J.T Purdham. Development of Models to Predict Dose of Pesticides in Professional Turf Applicators. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 12(2);130-144. 2002.

Harris S.A., P.N. Corey, A.M. Sass-Kortsak., J.T. Purdham. The Development of a New Method to Estimate Total Daily Dose of Pesticides in Professional Turf Applicators Following Multiple and Varied Exposures in Occupational Settings. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 74(5):345-358. 2001.

Harris S.A., J.T. Purdham, P.N Corey, A.M. Sass-Kortsak. An Evaluation of 24-Hour Urinary Creatinine Excretion for Use in Identification of Incomplete Urine Collections and Adjustment of Absorbed Dose of Pesticides. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 61(5):649-657. 2000.

Harris S.A. Epidemiology: Theory, Study Design and Planning for Education. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 20:133-145. 2000.